<div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_发行版">发行版</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>你可以选择安装纯粹的 <code>Arch Linux</code>, 或者选择传承 <code>Arch Linux</code> 哲学、漂亮且易于安装的 <code>EndeavourOS</code> 发行版, 又或者选择对易用性有巨大提升的 <code>Manjaro</code> 发行版。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>本文将介绍最纯粹的 <code>Arch Linux</code> 的安装过程。</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_安装程序">安装程序</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>首先在 <a href="https://archlinux.org">ArchLinux.org</a> 下载安装镜像。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>你可以直接下载 torrent 文件, 或选择你所在的国家或地区的镜像服务器并下载。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>下载完成后, 通过 <code>balena etcher</code> 等工具制作可启动的 USB 安装器, 或在虚拟机中选择链接该镜像文件。</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_准备安装">准备安装</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_字体显示">字体显示</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>启动计算机并进入 <code>archiso</code> 后, 根据实际情况, 你可能想要设置更大的字体以便改善安装体验, 例如:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">setfont ter-132n</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_efi">EFI</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>接下来, 确认是否支持 <code>EFI</code>:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">efivar -l</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>如果该指令可以输出许多非错误信息, 则表示支持。</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_网络状况">网络状况</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>接下来测试一下网络状况:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">ping gnu.org</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>如果超时, 可能你的计算机并未接入网络。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>如果你正在虚拟机中安装并且使用 <code>NAT</code> 方式连接网络, 或你的计算机正在使用有线网络, 那么你应当看到多次输出结果。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>按下 <code>CTRL</code> + <code>C</code> 终止。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>如果你需要使用 Wi-Fi 网络, 输入下面的指令:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">iwctl</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>查看设备列表:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">device list</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>确认你的无线网卡设备, 假设为 <code>wlan0</code>, 开始扫描网络:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">station wlan0 scan station wlan0 get-networks</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>连接其中一个无线网络:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">station wlan0 connect SSID-STRING</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>退出 <code>iwd</code>:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">exit</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>再次测试网络:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">ping archlinux.org</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_同步时间">同步时间</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>有了网络连接后, 我们便可以同步设备时间:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">timedatectl set-ntp true</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_镜像源">镜像源</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>接下来我们需要调整镜像源的配置以便加快包管理器的下载速度。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>如果你在中国大陆地区, 你可能会需要添加阿里云的镜像源:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>在镜像源列表中追加一条:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">Server = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch</code></pre>; </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>接下来, 备份一下镜像源列表:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>刷新包信息:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">pacman -Syy</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>安装 <code>pqcman-contrib</code>:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">pacman -S pacman-contrib</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>对备份的镜像源列表进行排序, 并将其中前 5 条覆盖写入到镜像源列表文件:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">rankmirrors -n 5 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_分区配置">分区配置</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_创建分区">创建分区</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>首先查看当前磁盘和分区情况:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">lsblk</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>找到你要安装的磁盘设备, 假设为 <code>sda</code>。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>根据情况, 你可能希望抹除该磁盘 (请在此之前务必做好数据备份) :</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">gdisk /dev/sda</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>通过 <code>x</code> 命令进入专家模式, 通过 <code>z</code> 命令擦除磁盘, 后面的确认项均输入 <code>Y</code>。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>接下来开始进行分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">cfdisk /dev/sda</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>一般我们选择 <code>GPT</code> 方式, 接下来根据你的需要进行分区。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>你可能希望有:</p> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>512MB 以上的 EFI 分区, `FAT32`格式</p> </li> <li> <p>[可选] 8GB 以上的交换分区, 取决于你的内存大小和睡眠设置, `linux swap`格式</p> </li> <li> <p>20GB 以上的系统分区, <code>ext4</code> 格式</p> </li> <li> <p>[可选] 10GB 以上的用户目录分区, 可以与系统分区合并在一起, 但在使用多系统时可能会很有用, <code>ext4</code> 格式</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>你可以使用 <code>lsblk</code> 查看写入的分区信息。此处假设我们按照以上方式和顺序规划并创建分区, 则分区依次为设备 <code>sda1</code>、<code>sda2</code>、<code>sda3</code>、<code>sda4</code>。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>首先格式化 EFI 分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">mkfs -t fat -F 32 /dev/sda1</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>格式化交换分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">mkswap /dev/sda2</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>格式化系统分区和用户目录分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_交换分区大小">交换分区大小</h3> <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> <colgroup> <col style="width: 20%;"> <col style="width: 40%;"> <col style="width: 40%;"> </colgroup> <thead> <tr> <th class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle">内存</th> <th class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle">交换分区 (无休眠)</th> <th class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle">交换分区 (有休眠)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>256MB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>256MB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>512MB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>512MB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>512MB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>1GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>1GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>1GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>2GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>2GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>1GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>3GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>3GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>2GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>5GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>4GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>2GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>6GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>6GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>2GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>8GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>8GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>3GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>11GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>12GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>3GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>15GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>16GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>4GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>20GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>24GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>5GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>29GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>32GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>6GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>38GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>64GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>8GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>72GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>128GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>11GB</p> </div></div></td> <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> <p>139GB</p> </div></div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_装载分区">装载分区</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>首先要装载系统分区, 依照刚才的分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">mount /dev/sda3 /mnt</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>成功后, 装载 EFI 分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">mkdir /mnt/boot/efi mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>装载用户目录分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">mkdir /mnt/home mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/home</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>装载交换分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">swapon /dev/sda2</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>确认装载信息:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">lsblk</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_开始安装">开始安装</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_base_and_kernel">base and kernel</h3> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware linux-headers [intel-ucode] [amd-ucode] vim nano</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>此处 <code>[intel-ucode]</code> 与 <code>[amd-ucode]</code> 请根据自己的 CPU 选择其一 (不包含括号) 。如果是虚拟机安装, 可以忽略。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>另外, 你也可以根据自己的需要安装其他包, 例如 <code>iwd</code>、<code>bash-completion</code> 等。</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_fstab">fstab</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>生成 <code>fstab</code>:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">genfstab /mnt genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_chroot">chroot</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>接下来, 切换根目录到我们创建的系统分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_grub">GRUB</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>安装网络管理工具和 <code>GRUB</code> 等工具:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">pacman -S networkmanager grub dhcpcd dialog efibootmgr</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_networkmanager">NetworkManager</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>激活 <code>NetworkManager</code> 服务:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">systemctl enable NetworkManager</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>安装和配置 <code>GRUB</code>:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">grub-install /dev/sda grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_主要配置">主要配置</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_用户和密码">用户和密码</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>首先为 <code>root</code> 用户设置密码:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">passwd</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>创建用户, 并加入一些用户组:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">useradd -m -g users -G wheel,storage,power,root -s /bin/bash USERNAME</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>为该用户设置密码:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">passwd USERNAEM</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>赋予 <code>wheel</code> 用户组权限:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">EDITOR=nano visudo</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>找到这一条并解除注释:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code># Uncomment to allow members of group wheel to excute any commands # %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>并添加下面一行:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">Defaults rootpw</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_地区和语言">地区和语言</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>打开本地化配置文件:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">nano /etc/locale.gen</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>找到你要使用的条目并解除注释。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>设置语言, 例如:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">nano /etc/locale.conf</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">LANG=en-US.UTF-8 # LANG=zh-CN.UTF-8</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_时区">时区</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>设置时区, 例如香港:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/HongKong /etc/localtime</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>你可以在输入 <code>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</code> 后通过 <code>Tab</code> 键查看可用的选项。</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">hwclock --systohc</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_主机名称">主机名称</h3> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">nano /etc/hostname</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>例如设置为 <code>archbox</code>。</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>同时设置回环信息:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">nano /etc/hosts</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost 127.0.1.1 HOSTNAME.localdomain HOSTNAME</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_完成安装">完成安装</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>首先退出 <code>chroot</code> 环境:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">exit</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>卸载分区:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">umount -R /mnt</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>重启计算机:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">reboot</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_neofetch">neofetch</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>现在, 你已经成为 Arch Linux 社区的一员:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">pacman -S neofetch neofetch</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_桌面环境">桌面环境</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>完成前面的安装后, 你的系统仍然只有命令行界面, 你可以根据喜好安装一款桌面环境。</p> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_xfce">xfce</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>安装 <code>xfce</code> 环境会是个不错的选择:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">sudo pacman -S xfce4 xfce4-goodies</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>安装完成后重启计算机:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">reboot</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_gnome">Gnome</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p><code>Gnome</code> 也是一款十分受欢迎的桌面环境:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">sudo pacman -S xorg xorg-server sudo pacman -S gnome</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">sudo systemctl start gdm.service sudo systemctl enable gdm.service</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>你也许希望启用插件等功能:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">gnome-shell gnome-shell-extensions gnome-tweaks</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>不过, 在 <code>Arch Linux</code> 中安装的 <code>Gnome</code> 中还存在一些问题, 例如默认的终端模拟器可能无法启动, 你可以选择 <code>Xterm</code> 等其它替代品:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">sudo pacman -S xterm</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_实用工具">实用工具</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>现在你可以安装一些实用工具了, 例如:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">sudo pacman -S firefox chromium vlc gimp gedit gparted virtualbox evolution xterm wget curl net-tools python3 ruby kate duf exa ncdu iwd git</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div>